Architecture and Design Atlas

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Ornament and Crime

Also Known As Ornament und Verbrechen, Ornement et crime
Design Principle

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Adolf Loos's polemic, delivered as a lecture in Vienna around 1910 and first published in French in 1913 as Ornement et crime, arguing that applying decoration to utilitarian objects and buildings was wasted labor and a mark of cultural backwardness, since a civilized modern eye no longer needed surface ornament to find an object beautiful. The essay gave the coming modern movement one of its founding arguments against the applied historical ornament of the nineteenth century, and Loos put the argument into his own buildings, the Looshaus in Vienna among them, with plain unornamented street facades.

Facts
Concept Domain
Design principle 1
Formulated Year
1910 1
The year most commonly cited for the Vienna lecture; the essay was first published in French translation in 1913 and in German only in 1929.
Cross-Tradition Connections

Associated With

Loos delivered Ornament and Crime as a lecture in 1910 and published it in 1913; it remains his defining theoretical statement.

Source Wikipedia

The polemic against applied ornament underlies the modern movement's plain surfaces, though Loos himself never joined the modernist mainstream he anticipated.

Sources
1. Encyclopedia Britannica
Encyclopedia Britannica, Inc.View the Source
Wikipedia
Wikimedia FoundationAssociated With: Adolf Loos, Adolf Loos, Ornament and Crime sectionView the Source
Open Questions (1 open question)
Did Adolf Loos's own richly finished interiors, in travertine, cipollino marble and mahogany, contradict the argument against ornament that Ornament and Crime makes, or is decoration in expensive natural material a different thing from applied ornament in his own terms?

Loos's polemic attacks applied, imitative ornament, carved or molded decoration added to a surface, while his built interiors, the Villa Muller in Prague among them, are finished throughout in costly veined stone and fine wood chosen expressly for their natural pattern and color. Some historians read this as fully consistent with his stated position, since the material itself is left plain and unworked rather than carved into applied decoration; others read it as the polemic's absolutism failing to survive contact with his own practice, arguing that a client experiencing a room sheathed in book-matched marble is having exactly the sensory, expensive, status-marking experience the essay claims to reject. Both readings appear in the architectural-history literature and neither has settled the question.

What would resolve this A close comparison of Loos's own later writing about specific interiors against the built rooms themselves, room by room, testing whether he offers a consistent principle distinguishing plain natural material from ornament, or whether the distinction is asserted rather than argued.
Architectural History, Design TheoryBanister Fletcher, edited by Dan Cruickshank (20th edition), Sir Banister Fletcher's A History of Architecture
Dissenting Readings (1 dissenting reading)
Description

The description above states Loos's polemic plainly, but architectural historians are genuinely split on whether his own built interiors honor it. Loos's later domestic work is finished in costly veined marble, onyx and fine hardwoods chosen for their natural pattern; one reading holds this is consistent with the essay, since the material is left plain rather than carved into applied decoration, while another reading holds that an interior sheathed in book-matched stone delivers exactly the expensive, status-marking sensory experience the essay claims civilized modern taste has outgrown. See the linked open question for both readings and what would settle it.

A dissenting reading, from an independent laneBanister Fletcher, edited by Dan Cruickshank (20th edition), Sir Banister Fletcher's A History of Architecture, Architectural Press, 1996
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